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<h2id="pairlists-and-pairlist-handlers">Pairlists and Pairlist Handlers<aclass="headerlink"href="#pairlists-and-pairlist-handlers"title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>Pairlist Handlers define the list of pairs (pairlist) that the bot should trade. They are configured in the <code>pairlists</code> section of the configuration settings.</p>
<p>In your configuration, you can use Static Pairlist (defined by the <ahref="#static-pair-list"><code>StaticPairList</code></a> Pairlist Handler) and Dynamic Pairlist (defined by the <ahref="#volume-pair-list"><code>VolumePairList</code></a> and <ahref="#percent-change-pair-list"><code>PercentChangePairList</code></a> Pairlist Handlers).</p>
<p>Additionally, <ahref="#agefilter"><code>AgeFilter</code></a>, <ahref="#precisionfilter"><code>PrecisionFilter</code></a>, <ahref="#pricefilter"><code>PriceFilter</code></a>, <ahref="#shufflefilter"><code>ShuffleFilter</code></a>, <ahref="#spreadfilter"><code>SpreadFilter</code></a> and <ahref="#volatilityfilter"><code>VolatilityFilter</code></a> act as Pairlist Filters, removing certain pairs and/or moving their positions in the pairlist.</p>
<p>If multiple Pairlist Handlers are used, they are chained and a combination of all Pairlist Handlers forms the resulting pairlist the bot uses for trading and backtesting. Pairlist Handlers are executed in the sequence they are configured. You can define either <code>StaticPairList</code>, <code>VolumePairList</code>, <code>ProducerPairList</code>, <code>RemotePairList</code>, <code>MarketCapPairList</code> or <code>PercentChangePairList</code> as the starting Pairlist Handler.</p>
<p>Inactive markets are always removed from the resulting pairlist. Explicitly blacklisted pairs (those in the <code>pair_blacklist</code> configuration setting) are also always removed from the resulting pairlist.</p>
<p>The pair blacklist (configured via <code>exchange.pair_blacklist</code> in the configuration) disallows certain pairs from trading.
This can be as simple as excluding <code>DOGE/BTC</code> - which will remove exactly this pair.</p>
<p>The pair-blacklist does also support wildcards (in regex-style) - so <code>BNB/.*</code> will exclude ALL pairs that start with BNB.
You may also use something like <code>.*DOWN/BTC</code> or <code>.*UP/BTC</code> to exclude leveraged tokens (check Pair naming conventions for your exchange!)</p>
<p>Pairlist configurations can be quite tricky to get right. Best use the <ahref="utils.md#test-pairlist"><code>test-pairlist</code></a> utility sub-command to test your configuration quickly.</p>
<p>By default, the <code>StaticPairList</code> method is used, which uses a statically defined pair whitelist from the configuration. The pairlist also supports wildcards (in regex-style) - so <code>.*/BTC</code> will include all pairs with BTC as a stake.</p>
<p>It uses configuration from <code>exchange.pair_whitelist</code> and <code>exchange.pair_blacklist</code>.</p>
<p>When used in a "follow-up" position (e.g. after VolumePairlist), all pairs in <code>'pair_whitelist'</code> will be added to the end of the pairlist.</p>
<p><code>VolumePairList</code> employs sorting/filtering of pairs by their trading volume. It selects <code>number_assets</code> top pairs with sorting based on the <code>sort_key</code> (which can only be <code>quoteVolume</code>).</p>
<p>When used in the chain of Pairlist Handlers in a non-leading position (after StaticPairList and other Pairlist Filters), <code>VolumePairList</code> considers outputs of previous Pairlist Handlers, adding its sorting/selection of the pairs by the trading volume.</p>
<p>When used in the leading position of the chain of Pairlist Handlers, the <code>pair_whitelist</code> configuration setting is ignored. Instead, <code>VolumePairList</code> selects the top assets from all available markets with matching stake-currency on the exchange.</p>
<p>The <code>refresh_period</code> setting allows to define the period (in seconds), at which the pairlist will be refreshed. Defaults to 1800s (30 minutes).
The pairlist cache (<code>refresh_period</code>) on <code>VolumePairList</code> is only applicable to generating pairlists.
Filtering instances (not the first position in the list) will not apply any cache (beyond caching candles for the duration of the candle in advanced mode) and will always use up-to-date data.</p>
<p><code>VolumePairList</code> is per default based on the ticker data from exchange, as reported by the ccxt library:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <code>quoteVolume</code> is the amount of quote (stake) currency traded (bought or sold) in last 24 hours.</li>
<p>You can define a minimum volume with <code>min_value</code> - which will filter out pairs with a volume lower than the specified value in the specified timerange.
In addition to that, you can also define a maximum volume with <code>max_value</code> - which will filter out pairs with a volume higher than the specified value in the specified timerange.</p>
<p><code>VolumePairList</code> can also operate in an advanced mode to build volume over a given timerange of specified candle size. It utilizes exchange historical candle data, builds a typical price (calculated by (open+high+low)/3) and multiplies the typical price with every candle's volume. The sum is the <code>quoteVolume</code> over the given range. This allows different scenarios, for a more smoothened volume, when using longer ranges with larger candle sizes, or the opposite when using a short range with small candles.</p>
<p>For convenience <code>lookback_days</code> can be specified, which will imply that 1d candles will be used for the lookback. In the example below the pairlist would be created based on the last 7 days:</p>
<pclass="admonition-title">Range look back and refresh period</p>
<p>When used in conjunction with <code>lookback_days</code> and <code>lookback_timeframe</code> the <code>refresh_period</code> can not be smaller than the candle size in seconds. As this will result in unnecessary requests to the exchanges API.</p>
</div>
<divclass="admonition warning">
<pclass="admonition-title">Performance implications when using lookback range</p>
<p>If used in first position in combination with lookback, the computation of the range based volume can be time and resource consuming, as it downloads candles for all tradable pairs. Hence it's highly advised to use the standard approach with <code>VolumeFilter</code> to narrow the pairlist down for further range volume calculation.</p>
</div>
<detailsclass="tip">
<summary>Unsupported exchanges</summary>
<p>On some exchanges (like Gemini), regular VolumePairList does not work as the api does not natively provide 24h volume. This can be worked around by using candle data to build the volume.
To roughly simulate 24h volume, you can use the following configuration.
Please note that These pairlists will only refresh once per day.</p>
<p>More sophisticated approach can be used, by using <code>lookback_timeframe</code> for candle size and <code>lookback_period</code> which specifies the amount of candles. This example will build the volume pairs based on a rolling period of 3 days of 1h candles:</p>
<p><code>PercentChangePairList</code> filters and sorts pairs based on the percentage change in their price over the last 24 hours or any defined timeframe as part of advanced options. This allows traders to focus on assets that have experienced significant price movements, either positive or negative.</p>
<p><strong>Configuration Options</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>number_assets</code>: Specifies the number of top pairs to select based on the 24-hour percentage change.</li>
<li><code>min_value</code>: Sets a minimum percentage change threshold. Pairs with a percentage change below this value will be filtered out.</li>
<li><code>max_value</code>: Sets a maximum percentage change threshold. Pairs with a percentage change above this value will be filtered out.</li>
<li><code>sort_direction</code>: Specifies the order in which pairs are sorted based on their percentage change. Accepts two values: <code>asc</code> for ascending order and <code>desc</code> for descending order.</li>
<li><code>refresh_period</code>: Defines the interval (in seconds) at which the pairlist will be refreshed. The default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes).</li>
<li><code>lookback_days</code>: Number of days to look back. When <code>lookback_days</code> is selected, the <code>lookback_timeframe</code> is defaulted to 1 day.</li>
<li><code>lookback_timeframe</code>: Timeframe to use for the lookback period.</li>
<li><code>lookback_period</code>: Number of periods to look back at. </li>
</ul>
<p>When PercentChangePairList is used after other Pairlist Handlers, it will operate on the outputs of those handlers. If it is the leading Pairlist Handler, it will select pairs from all available markets with the specified stake currency.</p>
<p><code>PercentChangePairList</code> uses ticker data from the exchange, provided via the ccxt library:
The percentage change is calculated as the change in price over the last 24 hours.</p>
<detailsclass="note">
<summary>Unsupported exchanges</summary>
<p>On some exchanges (like HTX), regular PercentChangePairList does not work as the api does not natively provide 24h percent change in price. This can be worked around by using candle data to calculate the percentage change. To roughly simulate 24h percent change, you can use the following configuration. Please note that these pairlists will only refresh once per day.
<p>This example builds the percent change pairs based on a rolling period of 3 days of 1-hour candles by using <code>lookback_timeframe</code> for candle size and <code>lookback_period</code> which specifies the number of candles.</p>
<p>The percent change in price is calculated using the following formula, which expresses the percentage difference between the current candle's close price and the previous candle's close price, as defined by the specified timeframe and lookback period:</p>
<pclass="admonition-title">Range look back and refresh period</p>
<p>When used in conjunction with <code>lookback_days</code> and <code>lookback_timeframe</code> the <code>refresh_period</code> can not be smaller than the candle size in seconds. As this will result in unnecessary requests to the exchanges API.</p>
</div>
<divclass="admonition warning">
<pclass="admonition-title">Performance implications when using lookback range</p>
<p>If used in first position in combination with lookback, the computation of the range-based percent change can be time and resource consuming, as it downloads candles for all tradable pairs. Hence it's highly advised to use the standard approach with <code>PercentChangePairList</code> to narrow the pairlist down for further percent-change calculation.</p>
</div>
<divclass="admonition note">
<pclass="admonition-title">Backtesting</p>
<p><code>PercentChangePairList</code> does not support backtesting mode.</p>
<p>With <code>ProducerPairList</code>, you can reuse the pairlist from a <ahref="producer-consumer.md">Producer</a> without explicitly defining the pairlist on each consumer.</p>
<p><ahref="producer-consumer.md">Consumer mode</a> is required for this pairlist to work.</p>
<p>The pairlist will perform a check on active pairs against the current exchange configuration to avoid attempting to trade on invalid markets.</p>
<p>You can limit the length of the pairlist with the optional parameter <code>number_assets</code>. Using <code>"number_assets"=0</code> or omitting this key will result in the reuse of all producer pairs valid for the current setup.</p>
<p>This pairlist can be combined with all other pairlists and filters for further pairlist reduction, and can also act as an "additional" pairlist, on top of already defined pairs.
<code>ProducerPairList</code> can also be used multiple times in sequence, combining the pairs from multiple producers.
Obviously in complex such configurations, the Producer may not provide data for all pairs, so the strategy must be fit for this.</p>
<p>It allows the user to fetch a pairlist from a remote server or a locally stored json file within the freqtrade directory, enabling dynamic updates and customization of the trading pairlist.</p>
<p>The RemotePairList is defined in the pairlists section of the configuration settings. It uses the following configuration options:</p>
<p>The optional <code>mode</code> option specifies if the pairlist should be used as a <code>blacklist</code> or as a <code>whitelist</code>. The default value is "whitelist".</p>
<p>The optional <code>processing_mode</code> option in the RemotePairList configuration determines how the retrieved pairlist is processed. It can have two values: "filter" or "append". The default value is "filter".</p>
<p>In "filter" mode, the retrieved pairlist is used as a filter. Only the pairs present in both the original pairlist and the retrieved pairlist are included in the final pairlist. Other pairs are filtered out.</p>
<p>In "append" mode, the retrieved pairlist is added to the original pairlist. All pairs from both lists are included in the final pairlist without any filtering.</p>
<p>The <code>pairlist_url</code> option specifies the URL of the remote server where the pairlist is located, or the path to a local file (if file:/// is prepended). This allows the user to use either a remote server or a local file as the source for the pairlist.</p>
<p>The <code>save_to_file</code> option, when provided with a valid filename, saves the processed pairlist to that file in JSON format. This option is optional, and by default, the pairlist is not saved to a file.</p>
<detailsclass="example">
<summary>Multi bot with shared pairlist example</summary>
<p><code>save_to_file</code> can be used to save the pairlist to a file with Bot1:</p>
<p>The <code>pairs</code> property should contain a list of strings with the trading pairs to be used by the bot. The <code>refresh_period</code> property is optional and specifies the number of seconds that the pairlist should be cached before being refreshed.</p>
<p>The optional <code>keep_pairlist_on_failure</code> specifies whether the previous received pairlist should be used if the remote server is not reachable or returns an error. The default value is true.</p>
<p>The optional <code>read_timeout</code> specifies the maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a response from the remote source, The default value is 60.</p>
<p>The optional <code>bearer_token</code> will be included in the requests Authorization Header.</p>
<divclass="admonition note">
<pclass="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>In case of a server error the last received pairlist will be kept if <code>keep_pairlist_on_failure</code> is set to true, when set to false a empty pairlist is returned.</p>
<p><code>MarketCapPairList</code> employs sorting/filtering of pairs by their marketcap rank based of CoinGecko. It will only recognize coins up to the coin placed at rank 250. The returned pairlist will be sorted based of their marketcap ranks.</p>
<p><code>number_assets</code> defines the maximum number of pairs returned by the pairlist. <code>max_rank</code> will determine the maximum rank used in creating/filtering the pairlist. It's expected that some coins within the top <code>max_rank</code> marketcap will not be included in the resulting pairlist since not all pairs will have active trading pairs in your preferred market/stake/exchange combination.</p>
<p>The <code>refresh_period</code> setting defines the interval (in seconds) at which the marketcap rank data will be refreshed. The default is 86,400 seconds (1 day). The pairlist cache (<code>refresh_period</code>) applies to both generating pairlists (when in the first position in the list) and filtering instances (when not in the first position in the list).</p>
<p>The <code>categories</code> setting specifies the <ahref="https://www.coingecko.com/en/categories">coingecko categories</a> from which to select coins from. The default is an empty list <code>[]</code>, meaning no category filtering is applied.
If an incorrect category string is chosen, the plugin will print the available categories from CoinGecko and fail. The category should be the ID of the category, for example, for <code>https://www.coingecko.com/en/categories/layer-1</code>, the category ID would be <code>layer-1</code>. You can pass multiple categories such as <code>["layer-1", "meme-token"]</code> to select from several categories.</p>
<divclass="admonition warning">
<pclass="admonition-title">Many categories</p>
<p>Each added category corresponds to one API call to CoinGecko. The more categories you add, the longer the pairlist generation will take, potentially causing rate limit issues.</p>
<p>Removes pairs that have been listed on the exchange for less than <code>min_days_listed</code> days (defaults to <code>10</code>) or more than <code>max_days_listed</code> days (defaults <code>None</code> mean infinity).</p>
<p>When pairs are first listed on an exchange they can suffer huge price drops and volatility
in the first few days while the pair goes through its price-discovery period. Bots can often
be caught out buying before the pair has finished dropping in price.</p>
<p>This filter allows freqtrade to ignore pairs until they have been listed for at least <code>min_days_listed</code> days and listed before <code>max_days_listed</code>.</p>
<p>Shrink whitelist to consist only in-trade pairs when the trade slots are full (when <code>max_open_trades</code> isn't being set to <code>-1</code> in the config).</p>
<p>When the trade slots are full, there is no need to calculate indicators of the rest of the pairs (except informative pairs) since no new trade can be opened. By shrinking the whitelist to just the in-trade pairs, you can improve calculation speeds and reduce CPU usage. When a trade slot is free (either a trade is closed or <code>max_open_trades</code> value in config is increased), then the whitelist will return to normal state.</p>
<p>When multiple pairlist filters are being used, it's recommended to put this filter at second position directly below the primary pairlist, so when the trade slots are full, the bot doesn't have to download data for the rest of the filters.</p>
<divclass="admonition warning">
<pclass="admonition-title">Backtesting</p>
<p><code>FullTradesFilter</code> does not support backtesting mode.</p>
<p>Offsets an incoming pairlist by a given <code>offset</code> value.</p>
<p>As an example it can be used in conjunction with <code>VolumeFilter</code> to remove the top X volume pairs. Or to split a larger pairlist on two bot instances.</p>
<p>Example to remove the first 10 pairs from the pairlist, and takes the next 20 (taking items 10-30 of the initial list):</p>
<p>Sorts pairs by past trade performance, as follows:</p>
<ol>
<li>Positive performance.</li>
<li>No closed trades yet.</li>
<li>Negative performance.</li>
</ol>
<p>Trade count is used as a tie breaker.</p>
<p>You can use the <code>minutes</code> parameter to only consider performance of the past X minutes (rolling window).
Not defining this parameter (or setting it to 0) will use all-time performance.</p>
<p>The optional <code>min_profit</code> (as ratio -> a setting of <code>0.01</code> corresponds to 1%) parameter defines the minimum profit a pair must have to be considered.
Pairs below this level will be filtered out.
Using this parameter without <code>minutes</code> is highly discouraged, as it can lead to an empty pairlist without a way to recover.</p>
<spanclass="w"></span><spanclass="nt">"minutes"</span><spanclass="p">:</span><spanclass="w"></span><spanclass="mi">1440</span><spanclass="p">,</span><spanclass="w"></span><spanclass="c1">// rolling 24h</span>
<p>As this Filter uses past performance of the bot, it'll have some startup-period - and should only be used after the bot has a few 100 trades in the database.</p>
<divclass="admonition warning">
<pclass="admonition-title">Backtesting</p>
<p><code>PerformanceFilter</code> does not support backtesting mode.</p>
<p>Filters low-value coins which would not allow setting stoplosses.</p>
<p>Namely, pairs are blacklisted if a variance of one percent or more in the stop price would be caused by precision rounding on the exchange, i.e. <code>rounded(stop_price) <= rounded(stop_price * 0.99)</code>. The idea is to avoid coins with a value VERY close to their lower trading boundary, not allowing setting of proper stoploss.</p>
<divclass="admonition tip">
<pclass="admonition-title">PrecisionFilter is pointless for futures trading</p>
<p>The above does not apply to shorts. And for longs, in theory the trade will be liquidated first.</p>
</div>
<divclass="admonition warning">
<pclass="admonition-title">Backtesting</p>
<p><code>PrecisionFilter</code> does not support backtesting mode using multiple strategies.</p>
<p>The <code>PriceFilter</code> allows filtering of pairs by price. Currently the following price filters are supported:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>min_price</code></li>
<li><code>max_price</code></li>
<li><code>max_value</code></li>
<li><code>low_price_ratio</code></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>min_price</code> setting removes pairs where the price is below the specified price. This is useful if you wish to avoid trading very low-priced pairs.
This option is disabled by default, and will only apply if set to > 0.</p>
<p>The <code>max_price</code> setting removes pairs where the price is above the specified price. This is useful if you wish to trade only low-priced pairs.
This option is disabled by default, and will only apply if set to > 0.</p>
<p>The <code>max_value</code> setting removes pairs where the minimum value change is above a specified value.
This is useful when an exchange has unbalanced limits. For example, if step-size = 1 (so you can only buy 1, or 2, or 3, but not 1.1 Coins) - and the price is pretty high (like 20$) as the coin has risen sharply since the last limit adaption.
As a result of the above, you can only buy for 20$, or 40$ - but not for 25$.
On exchanges that deduct fees from the receiving currency (e.g. binance) - this can result in high value coins / amounts that are unsellable as the amount is slightly below the limit.</p>
<p>The <code>low_price_ratio</code> setting removes pairs where a raise of 1 price unit (pip) is above the <code>low_price_ratio</code> ratio.
This option is disabled by default, and will only apply if set to > 0.</p>
<p>For <code>PriceFilter</code> at least one of its <code>min_price</code>, <code>max_price</code> or <code>low_price_ratio</code> settings must be applied.</p>
<p>Calculation example:</p>
<p>Min price precision for SHITCOIN/BTC is 8 decimals. If its price is 0.00000011 - one price step above would be 0.00000012, which is ~9% higher than the previous price value. You may filter out this pair by using PriceFilter with <code>low_price_ratio</code> set to 0.09 (9%) or with <code>min_price</code> set to 0.00000011, correspondingly.</p>
<divclass="admonition warning">
<pclass="admonition-title">Low priced pairs</p>
<p>Low priced pairs with high "1 pip movements" are dangerous since they are often illiquid and it may also be impossible to place the desired stoploss, which can often result in high losses since price needs to be rounded to the next tradable price - so instead of having a stoploss of -5%, you could end up with a stoploss of -9% simply due to price rounding.</p>
<p>Shuffles (randomizes) pairs in the pairlist. It can be used for preventing the bot from trading some of the pairs more frequently then others when you want all pairs be treated with the same priority.</p>
<p>By default, ShuffleFilter will shuffle pairs once per candle.
To shuffle on every iteration, set <code>"shuffle_frequency"</code> to <code>"iteration"</code> instead of the default of <code>"candle"</code>.</p>
<p>You may set the <code>seed</code> value for this Pairlist to obtain reproducible results, which can be useful for repeated backtesting sessions. If <code>seed</code> is not set, the pairs are shuffled in the non-repeatable random order. ShuffleFilter will automatically detect runmodes and apply the <code>seed</code> only for backtesting modes - if a <code>seed</code> value is set.</p>
<p>Removes pairs that have a difference between asks and bids above the specified ratio, <code>max_spread_ratio</code> (defaults to <code>0.005</code>).</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<p>If <code>DOGE/BTC</code> maximum bid is 0.00000026 and minimum ask is 0.00000027, the ratio is calculated as: <code>1 - bid/ask ~= 0.037</code> which is <code>> 0.005</code> and this pair will be filtered out.</p>
<p>Removes pairs where the difference between lowest low and highest high over <code>lookback_days</code> days is below <code>min_rate_of_change</code> or above <code>max_rate_of_change</code>. Since this is a filter that requires additional data, the results are cached for <code>refresh_period</code>.</p>
<p>In the below example:
If the trading range over the last 10 days is <1% or >99%, remove the pair from the whitelist.</p>
<p>Adding <code>"sort_direction": "asc"</code> or <code>"sort_direction": "desc"</code> enables sorting for this pairlist.</p>
<divclass="admonition tip">
<pclass="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>This Filter can be used to automatically remove stable coin pairs, which have a very low trading range, and are therefore extremely difficult to trade with profit.
Additionally, it can also be used to automatically remove pairs with extreme high/low variance over a given amount of time.</p>
<p>Volatility is the degree of historical variation of a pairs over time, it is measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic daily returns. Returns are assumed to be normally distributed, although actual distribution might be different. In a normal distribution, 68% of observations fall within one standard deviation and 95% of observations fall within two standard deviations. Assuming a volatility of 0.05 means that the expected returns for 20 out of 30 days is expected to be less than 5% (one standard deviation). Volatility is a positive ratio of the expected deviation of return and can be greater than 1.00. Please refer to the wikipedia definition of <ahref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(finance)"><code>volatility</code></a>.</p>
<p>This filter removes pairs if the average volatility over a <code>lookback_days</code> days is below <code>min_volatility</code> or above <code>max_volatility</code>. Since this is a filter that requires additional data, the results are cached for <code>refresh_period</code>.</p>
<p>This filter can be used to narrow down your pairs to a certain volatility or avoid very volatile pairs.</p>
<p>In the below example:
If the volatility over the last 10 days is not in the range of 0.05-0.50, remove the pair from the whitelist. The filter is applied every 24h.</p>
<p>Adding <code>"sort_direction": "asc"</code> or <code>"sort_direction": "desc"</code> enables sorting mode for this pairlist.</p>
<h3id="full-example-of-pairlist-handlers">Full example of Pairlist Handlers<aclass="headerlink"href="#full-example-of-pairlist-handlers"title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>The below example blacklists <code>BNB/BTC</code>, uses <code>VolumePairList</code> with <code>20</code> assets, sorting pairs by <code>quoteVolume</code> and applies <ahref="#precisionfilter"><code>PrecisionFilter</code></a> and <ahref="#pricefilter"><code>PriceFilter</code></a>, filtering all assets where 1 price unit is > 1%. Then the <ahref="#spreadfilter"><code>SpreadFilter</code></a> and <ahref="#volatilityfilter"><code>VolatilityFilter</code></a> is applied and pairs are finally shuffled with the random seed set to some predefined value.</p>
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