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add reinforcement learning page to docs

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docs/freqai-parameter-table.md
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@ -46,6 +46,16 @@ Mandatory parameters are marked as **Required** and have to be set in one of the
| `n_estimators` | The number of boosted trees to fit in regression. <br> **Datatype:** Integer.
| `learning_rate` | Boosting learning rate during regression. <br> **Datatype:** Float.
| `n_jobs`, `thread_count`, `task_type` | Set the number of threads for parallel processing and the `task_type` (`gpu` or `cpu`). Different model libraries use different parameter names. <br> **Datatype:** Float.
| | *Reinforcement Learning Parameters**
| `rl_config` | A dictionary containing the control parameters for a Reinforcement Learning model. <br> **Datatype:** Dictionary.
| `train_cycles` | Training time steps will be set based on the `train_cycles * number of training data points. <br> **Datatype:** Integer.
| `cpu_count` | Number of processors to dedicate to the Reinforcement Learning training process. <br> **Datatype:** int.
| `max_trade_duration_candles`| Guides the agent training to keep trades below desired length. Example usage shown in `prediction_models/ReinforcementLearner.py` within the user customizable `calculate_reward()` <br> **Datatype:** int.
| `model_type` | Model string from stable_baselines3 or SBcontrib. Available strings include: `'TRPO', 'ARS', 'RecurrentPPO', 'MaskablePPO', 'PPO', 'A2C', 'DQN'`. User should ensure that `model_training_parameters` match those available to the corresponding stable_baselines3 model by visiting their documentaiton. [PPO doc](https://stable-baselines3.readthedocs.io/en/master/modules/ppo.html) (external website) <br> **Datatype:** string.
| `policy_type` | One of the available policy types from stable_baselines3 <br> **Datatype:** string.
| `continual_learning` | If true, the agent will start new trainings from the model selected during the previous training. If false, a new agent is trained from scratch for each training. <br> **Datatype:** Bool.
| `cpu_count` | Number of threads/cpus to dedicate to the Reinforcement Learning training process (depending on if `ReinforcementLearning_multiproc` is selected or not). <br> **Datatype:** int.
| `model_reward_parameters` | Parameters used inside the user customizable `calculate_reward()` function in `ReinforcementLearner.py` <br> **Datatype:** int.
| | **Extraneous parameters**
| `keras` | If the selected model makes use of Keras (typical for Tensorflow-based prediction models), this flag needs to be activated so that the model save/loading follows Keras standards. <br> **Datatype:** Boolean. <br> Default: `False`.
| `conv_width` | The width of a convolutional neural network input tensor. This replaces the need for shifting candles (`include_shifted_candles`) by feeding in historical data points as the second dimension of the tensor. Technically, this parameter can also be used for regressors, but it only adds computational overhead and does not change the model training/prediction. <br> **Datatype:** Integer. <br> Default: 2.

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# Reinforcement Learning
Setting up and running a Reinforcement Learning model is the same as running a Regressor or Classifier. The same two flags, `--freqaimodel` and `--strategy`, must be defined on the command line:
```bash
freqtrade trade --freqaimodel ReinforcementLearner --strategy MyRLStrategy --config config.json
```
where `ReinforcementLearner` will use the templated `ReinforcementLearner` from `freqai/prediction_models/ReinforcementLearner`. The strategy, on the other hand, follows the same base [feature engineering](freqai-feature-engineering.md) with `populate_any_indicators` as a typical Regressor:
```python
def populate_any_indicators(
self, pair, df, tf, informative=None, set_generalized_indicators=False
):
coin = pair.split('/')[0]
if informative is None:
informative = self.dp.get_pair_dataframe(pair, tf)
# first loop is automatically duplicating indicators for time periods
for t in self.freqai_info["feature_parameters"]["indicator_periods_candles"]:
t = int(t)
informative[f"%-{coin}rsi-period_{t}"] = ta.RSI(informative, timeperiod=t)
informative[f"%-{coin}mfi-period_{t}"] = ta.MFI(informative, timeperiod=t)
informative[f"%-{coin}adx-period_{t}"] = ta.ADX(informative, window=t)
# The following features are necessary for RL models
informative[f"%-{coin}raw_close"] = informative["close"]
informative[f"%-{coin}raw_open"] = informative["open"]
informative[f"%-{coin}raw_high"] = informative["high"]
informative[f"%-{coin}raw_low"] = informative["low"]
indicators = [col for col in informative if col.startswith("%")]
# This loop duplicates and shifts all indicators to add a sense of recency to data
for n in range(self.freqai_info["feature_parameters"]["include_shifted_candles"] + 1):
if n == 0:
continue
informative_shift = informative[indicators].shift(n)
informative_shift = informative_shift.add_suffix("_shift-" + str(n))
informative = pd.concat((informative, informative_shift), axis=1)
df = merge_informative_pair(df, informative, self.config["timeframe"], tf, ffill=True)
skip_columns = [
(s + "_" + tf) for s in ["date", "open", "high", "low", "close", "volume"]
]
df = df.drop(columns=skip_columns)
# Add generalized indicators here (because in live, it will call this
# function to populate indicators during training). Notice how we ensure not to
# add them multiple times
if set_generalized_indicators:
# For RL, there are no direct targets to set. This is filler (neutral)
# until the agent sends an action.
df["&-action"] = 0
return df
```
Most of the function remains the same as for typical Regressors, however, the function above shows how the strategy must pass the raw price data to the agent so that it has access to raw OHLCV in the training environent:
```python
# The following features are necessary for RL models
informative[f"%-{coin}raw_close"] = informative["close"]
informative[f"%-{coin}raw_open"] = informative["open"]
informative[f"%-{coin}raw_high"] = informative["high"]
informative[f"%-{coin}raw_low"] = informative["low"]
```
Finally, there is no explicit "label" to make - instead the you need to assign the `&-action` column which will contain the agent's actions when accessed in `populate_entry/exit_trends()`. In the present example, the user set the neutral action to 0. This value should align with the environment used. FreqAI provides two environments, both use 0 as the neutral action.
After users realize there are no labels to set, they will soon understand that the agent is making its "own" entry and exit decisions. This makes strategy construction rather simple. The entry and exit signals come from the agent in the form of an integer - which are used directly to decide entries and exits in the strategy:
```python
def populate_entry_trend(self, df: DataFrame, metadata: dict) -> DataFrame:
enter_long_conditions = [df["do_predict"] == 1, df["&-action"] == 1]
if enter_long_conditions:
df.loc[
reduce(lambda x, y: x & y, enter_long_conditions), ["enter_long", "enter_tag"]
] = (1, "long")
enter_short_conditions = [df["do_predict"] == 1, df["&-action"] == 3]
if enter_short_conditions:
df.loc[
reduce(lambda x, y: x & y, enter_short_conditions), ["enter_short", "enter_tag"]
] = (1, "short")
return df
def populate_exit_trend(self, df: DataFrame, metadata: dict) -> DataFrame:
exit_long_conditions = [df["do_predict"] == 1, df["&-action"] == 2]
if exit_long_conditions:
df.loc[reduce(lambda x, y: x & y, exit_long_conditions), "exit_long"] = 1
exit_short_conditions = [df["do_predict"] == 1, df["&-action"] == 4]
if exit_short_conditions:
df.loc[reduce(lambda x, y: x & y, exit_short_conditions), "exit_short"] = 1
return df
```
It is important to consider that `&-action` depends on which environment they choose to use. The example above shows 5 actions, where 0 is neutral, 1 is enter long, 2 is exit long, 3 is enter short and 4 is exit short.
## Configuring the Reinforcement Learner
In order to configure the `Reinforcement Learner` the following dictionary to their `freqai` config:
```json
"rl_config": {
"train_cycles": 25,
"max_trade_duration_candles": 300,
"max_training_drawdown_pct": 0.02,
"cpu_count": 8,
"model_type": "PPO",
"policy_type": "MlpPolicy",
"continual_learning": false,
"model_reward_parameters": {
"rr": 1,
"profit_aim": 0.025
}
}
```
Parameter details can be found [here](freqai-parameter-table.md), but in general the `train_cycles` decides how many times the agent should cycle through the candle data in its artificial environemtn to train weights in the model. `model_type` is a string which selects one of the available models in [stable_baselines](https://stable-baselines3.readthedocs.io/en/master/)(external link).
## Creating the reward
As users begin to modify the strategy and the prediction model, they will quickly realize some important differences between the Reinforcement Learner and the Regressors/Classifiers. Firstly, the strategy does not set a target value (no labels!). Instead, the user sets a `calculate_reward()` function inside their custom `ReinforcementLearner.py` file. A default `calculate_reward()` is provided inside `prediction_models/ReinforcementLearner.py` to give users the necessary building blocks to start their own models. It is inside the `calculate_reward()` where users express their creative theories about the market. For example, the user wants to reward their agent when it makes a winning trade, and penalize the agent when it makes a losing trade. Or perhaps, the user wishes to reward the agnet for entering trades, and penalize the agent for sitting in trades too long. Below we show examples of how these rewards are all calculated:
```python
class MyRLEnv(Base5ActionRLEnv):
"""
User made custom environment. This class inherits from BaseEnvironment and gym.env.
Users can override any functions from those parent classes. Here is an example
of a user customized `calculate_reward()` function.
"""
def calculate_reward(self, action):
# first, penalize if the action is not valid
if not self._is_valid(action):
return -2
pnl = self.get_unrealized_profit()
rew = np.sign(pnl) * (pnl + 1)
factor = 100
# reward agent for entering trades
if action in (Actions.Long_enter.value, Actions.Short_enter.value) \
and self._position == Positions.Neutral:
return 25
# discourage agent from not entering trades
if action == Actions.Neutral.value and self._position == Positions.Neutral:
return -1
max_trade_duration = self.rl_config.get('max_trade_duration_candles', 300)
trade_duration = self._current_tick - self._last_trade_tick
if trade_duration <= max_trade_duration:
factor *= 1.5
elif trade_duration > max_trade_duration:
factor *= 0.5
# discourage sitting in position
if self._position in (Positions.Short, Positions.Long) and \
action == Actions.Neutral.value:
return -1 * trade_duration / max_trade_duration
# close long
if action == Actions.Long_exit.value and self._position == Positions.Long:
if pnl > self.profit_aim * self.rr:
factor *= self.rl_config['model_reward_parameters'].get('win_reward_factor', 2)
return float(rew * factor)
# close short
if action == Actions.Short_exit.value and self._position == Positions.Short:
if pnl > self.profit_aim * self.rr:
factor *= self.rl_config['model_reward_parameters'].get('win_reward_factor', 2)
return float(rew * factor)
return 0.
```
### Creating a custom agent
Users can inherit from `stable_baselines3` and customize anything they wish about their agent. Doing this is for advanced users only, an example is presented in `freqai/RL/ReinforcementLearnerCustomAgent.py`
### Using Tensorboard
Reinforcement Learning models benefit from tracking training metrics. FreqAI has integrated Tensorboard to allow users to track training and evaluation performance across all coins and across all retrainings. To start, the user should ensure Tensorboard is installed on their computer:
```bash
pip3 install tensorboard
```
Next, the user can activate Tensorboard with the following command:
```bash
cd freqtrade
tensorboard --logdir user_data/models/unique-id
```
where `unique-id` is the `identifier` set in the `freqai` configuration file.
![tensorboard](assets/tensorboard.png)

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mkdocs.yml
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@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ nav:
- Parameter table: freqai-parameter-table.md
- Feature engineering: freqai-feature-engineering.md
- Running FreqAI: freqai-running.md
- Reinforcement Learning: freqai-reinforcement-learning.md
- Developer guide: freqai-developers.md
- Short / Leverage: leverage.md
- Utility Sub-commands: utils.md