Backtesting¶
This page explains how to validate your strategy performance by using Backtesting.
Getting data for backtesting and hyperopt¶
To download data (candles / OHLCV) needed for backtesting and hyperoptimization use the freqtrade download-data command.
If no additional parameter is specified, freqtrade will download data for "1m" and "5m" timeframes.
Exchange and pairs will come from config.json (if specified using -c/--config). Otherwise --exchange becomes mandatory.
Alternatively, a pairs.json file can be used.
If you are using Binance for example:
- create a directory
user_data/data/binanceand copypairs.jsonin that directory. - update the
pairs.jsonto contain the currency pairs you are interested in.
mkdir -p user_data/data/binance
cp freqtrade/tests/testdata/pairs.json user_data/data/binance
Then run:
freqtrade download-data --exchange binance
This will download ticker data for all the currency pairs you defined in pairs.json.
- To use a different directory than the exchange specific default, use
--datadir user_data/data/some_directory. - To change the exchange used to download the tickers, please use a different configuration file (you'll probably need to adjust ratelimits etc.)
- To use
pairs.jsonfrom some other directory, use--pairs-file some_other_dir/pairs.json. - To download ticker data for only 10 days, use
--days 10(defaults to 30 days). - Use
--timeframesto specify which tickers to download. Default is--timeframes 1m 5mwhich will download 1-minute and 5-minute tickers. - To use exchange, timeframe and list of pairs as defined in your configuration file, use the
-c/--configoption. With this, the script uses the whitelist defined in the config as the list of currency pairs to download data for and does not require the pairs.json file. You can combine-c/--configwith most other options.
Test your strategy with Backtesting¶
Now you have good Buy and Sell strategies and some historic data, you want to test it against real data. This is what we call backtesting.
Backtesting will use the crypto-currencies (pair) from your config file
and load static tickers located in
/freqtrade/tests/testdata.
If the 5 min and 1 min ticker for the crypto-currencies to test is not
already in the testdata directory, backtesting will download them
automatically. Testdata files will not be updated until you specify it.
The result of backtesting will confirm you if your bot has better odds of making a profit than a loss.
The backtesting is very easy with freqtrade.
Run a backtesting against the currencies listed in your config file¶
With 5 min tickers (Per default)¶
freqtrade backtesting
With 1 min tickers¶
freqtrade backtesting --ticker-interval 1m
Using a different on-disk ticker-data source¶
Assume you downloaded the history data from the Bittrex exchange and kept it in the user_data/data/bittrex-20180101 directory.
You can then use this data for backtesting as follows:
freqtrade backtesting --datadir user_data/data/bittrex-20180101
With a (custom) strategy file¶
freqtrade -s TestStrategy backtesting
Where -s TestStrategy refers to the class name within the strategy file test_strategy.py found in the freqtrade/user_data/strategies directory.
Comparing multiple Strategies¶
freqtrade backtesting --strategy-list TestStrategy1 AwesomeStrategy --ticker-interval 5m
Where TestStrategy1 and AwesomeStrategy refer to class names of strategies.
Exporting trades to file¶
freqtrade backtesting --export trades
The exported trades can be used for further analysis, or can be used by the plotting script plot_dataframe.py in the scripts directory.
Exporting trades to file specifying a custom filename¶
freqtrade backtesting --export trades --export-filename=backtest_teststrategy.json
Running backtest with smaller testset¶
Use the --timerange argument to change how much of the testset
you want to use. The last N ticks/timeframes will be used.
Example:
freqtrade backtesting --timerange=-200
Advanced use of timerange¶
Doing --timerange=-200 will get the last 200 timeframes
from your inputdata. You can also specify specific dates,
or a range span indexed by start and stop.
The full timerange specification:
- Use last 123 tickframes of data:
--timerange=-123 - Use first 123 tickframes of data:
--timerange=123- - Use tickframes from line 123 through 456:
--timerange=123-456 - Use tickframes till 2018/01/31:
--timerange=-20180131 - Use tickframes since 2018/01/31:
--timerange=20180131- - Use tickframes since 2018/01/31 till 2018/03/01 :
--timerange=20180131-20180301 - Use tickframes between POSIX timestamps 1527595200 1527618600:
--timerange=1527595200-1527618600
Understand the backtesting result¶
The most important in the backtesting is to understand the result.
A backtesting result will look like that:
========================================================= BACKTESTING REPORT ========================================================
| pair | buy count | avg profit % | cum profit % | tot profit BTC | tot profit % | avg duration | profit | loss |
|:---------|------------:|---------------:|---------------:|-----------------:|---------------:|:---------------|---------:|-------:|
| ADA/BTC | 35 | -0.11 | -3.88 | -0.00019428 | -1.94 | 4:35:00 | 14 | 21 |
| ARK/BTC | 11 | -0.41 | -4.52 | -0.00022647 | -2.26 | 2:03:00 | 3 | 8 |
| BTS/BTC | 32 | 0.31 | 9.78 | 0.00048938 | 4.89 | 5:05:00 | 18 | 14 |
| DASH/BTC | 13 | -0.08 | -1.07 | -0.00005343 | -0.53 | 4:39:00 | 6 | 7 |
| ENG/BTC | 18 | 1.36 | 24.54 | 0.00122807 | 12.27 | 2:50:00 | 8 | 10 |
| EOS/BTC | 36 | 0.08 | 3.06 | 0.00015304 | 1.53 | 3:34:00 | 16 | 20 |
| ETC/BTC | 26 | 0.37 | 9.51 | 0.00047576 | 4.75 | 6:14:00 | 11 | 15 |
| ETH/BTC | 33 | 0.30 | 9.96 | 0.00049856 | 4.98 | 7:31:00 | 16 | 17 |
| IOTA/BTC | 32 | 0.03 | 1.09 | 0.00005444 | 0.54 | 3:12:00 | 14 | 18 |
| LSK/BTC | 15 | 1.75 | 26.26 | 0.00131413 | 13.13 | 2:58:00 | 6 | 9 |
| LTC/BTC | 32 | -0.04 | -1.38 | -0.00006886 | -0.69 | 4:49:00 | 11 | 21 |
| NANO/BTC | 17 | 1.26 | 21.39 | 0.00107058 | 10.70 | 1:55:00 | 10 | 7 |
| NEO/BTC | 23 | 0.82 | 18.97 | 0.00094936 | 9.48 | 2:59:00 | 10 | 13 |
| REQ/BTC | 9 | 1.17 | 10.54 | 0.00052734 | 5.27 | 3:47:00 | 4 | 5 |
| XLM/BTC | 16 | 1.22 | 19.54 | 0.00097800 | 9.77 | 3:15:00 | 7 | 9 |
| XMR/BTC | 23 | -0.18 | -4.13 | -0.00020696 | -2.07 | 5:30:00 | 12 | 11 |
| XRP/BTC | 35 | 0.66 | 22.96 | 0.00114897 | 11.48 | 3:49:00 | 12 | 23 |
| ZEC/BTC | 22 | -0.46 | -10.18 | -0.00050971 | -5.09 | 2:22:00 | 7 | 15 |
| TOTAL | 429 | 0.36 | 152.41 | 0.00762792 | 76.20 | 4:12:00 | 186 | 243 |
========================================================= SELL REASON STATS =========================================================
| Sell Reason | Count |
|:-------------------|--------:|
| trailing_stop_loss | 205 |
| stop_loss | 166 |
| sell_signal | 56 |
| force_sell | 2 |
====================================================== LEFT OPEN TRADES REPORT ======================================================
| pair | buy count | avg profit % | cum profit % | tot profit BTC | tot profit % | avg duration | profit | loss |
|:---------|------------:|---------------:|---------------:|-----------------:|---------------:|:---------------|---------:|-------:|
| ADA/BTC | 1 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.00004434 | 0.44 | 6:00:00 | 1 | 0 |
| LTC/BTC | 1 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.00003421 | 0.34 | 2:00:00 | 1 | 0 |
| TOTAL | 2 | 0.78 | 1.57 | 0.00007855 | 0.78 | 4:00:00 | 2 | 0 |
The 1st table will contain all trades the bot made.
The 2nd table will contain a recap of sell reasons.
The 3rd table will contain all trades the bot had to forcesell at the end of the backtest period to present a full picture.
These trades are also included in the first table, but are extracted separately for clarity.
The last line will give you the overall performance of your strategy, here:
| TOTAL | 429 | 0.36 | 152.41 | 0.00762792 | 76.20 | 4:12:00 | 186 | 243 |
We understand the bot has made 429 trades for an average duration of
4:12:00, with a performance of 76.20% (profit), that means it has
earned a total of 0.00762792 BTC starting with a capital of 0.01 BTC.
The column avg profit % shows the average profit for all trades made while the column cum profit % sums all the profits/losses.
The column tot profit % shows instead the total profit % in relation to allocated capital
(max_open_trades * stake_amount). In the above results we have max_open_trades=2 stake_amount=0.005 in config
so (76.20/100) * (0.005 * 2) =~ 0.00762792 BTC.
As you will see your strategy performance will be influenced by your buy
strategy, your sell strategy, and also by the minimal_roi and
stop_loss you have set.
As for an example if your minimal_roi is only "0": 0.01. You cannot
expect the bot to make more profit than 1% (because it will sell every
time a trade will reach 1%).
"minimal_roi": {
"0": 0.01
},
On the other hand, if you set a too high minimal_roi like "0": 0.55
(55%), there is a lot of chance that the bot will never reach this
profit. Hence, keep in mind that your performance is a mix of your
strategies, your configuration, and the crypto-currency you have set up.
Further backtest-result analysis¶
To further analyze your backtest results, you can export the trades. You can then load the trades to perform further analysis as shown in our data analysis backtesting section.
Backtesting multiple strategies¶
To backtest multiple strategies, a list of Strategies can be provided.
This is limited to 1 ticker-interval per run, however, data is only loaded once from disk so if you have multiple strategies you'd like to compare, this should give a nice runtime boost.
All listed Strategies need to be in the same directory.
freqtrade backtesting --timerange 20180401-20180410 --ticker-interval 5m --strategy-list Strategy001 Strategy002 --export trades
This will save the results to user_data/backtest_results/backtest-result-<strategy>.json, injecting the strategy-name into the target filename.
There will be an additional table comparing win/losses of the different strategies (identical to the "Total" row in the first table).
Detailed output for all strategies one after the other will be available, so make sure to scroll up.
=========================================================== Strategy Summary ===========================================================
| Strategy | buy count | avg profit % | cum profit % | tot profit BTC | tot profit % | avg duration | profit | loss |
|:------------|------------:|---------------:|---------------:|-----------------:|---------------:|:---------------|---------:|-------:|
| Strategy1 | 429 | 0.36 | 152.41 | 0.00762792 | 76.20 | 4:12:00 | 186 | 243 |
| Strategy2 | 1487 | -0.13 | -197.58 | -0.00988917 | -98.79 | 4:43:00 | 662 | 825 |
Next step¶
Great, your strategy is profitable. What if the bot can give your the optimal parameters to use for your strategy? Your next step is to learn how to find optimal parameters with Hyperopt