24 KiB
Advanced Strategies
This page explains some advanced concepts available for strategies. If you're just getting started, please be familiar with the methods described in the Strategy Customization documentation and with the Freqtrade basics first.
Freqtrade basics describes in which sequence each method described below is called, which can be helpful to understand which method to use for your custom needs.
!!! Note All callback methods described below should only be implemented in a strategy if they are actually used.
!!! Tip
You can get a strategy template containing all below methods by running freqtrade new-strategy --strategy MyAwesomeStrategy --template advanced
Storing information
Storing information can be accomplished by creating a new dictionary within the strategy class.
The name of the variable can be chosen at will, but should be prefixed with cust_ to avoid naming collisions with predefined strategy variables.
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# Create custom dictionary
custom_info = {}
def populate_indicators(self, dataframe: DataFrame, metadata: dict) -> DataFrame:
# Check if the entry already exists
if not metadata["pair"] in self.custom_info:
# Create empty entry for this pair
self.custom_info[metadata["pair"]] = {}
if "crosstime" in self.custom_info[metadata["pair"]]:
self.custom_info[metadata["pair"]]["crosstime"] += 1
else:
self.custom_info[metadata["pair"]]["crosstime"] = 1
!!! Warning The data is not persisted after a bot-restart (or config-reload). Also, the amount of data should be kept smallish (no DataFrames and such), otherwise the bot will start to consume a lot of memory and eventually run out of memory and crash.
!!! Note If the data is pair-specific, make sure to use pair as one of the keys in the dictionary.
Custom sell signal
It is possible to define custom sell signals, indicating that specified position should be sold. This is very useful when we need to customize sell conditions for each individual trade, or if you need the trade profit to take the sell decision.
For example you could implement a 1:2 risk-reward ROI with custom_sell().
You should abstain from using custom_sell() signals in place of stoplosses though. It is a inferior method to using custom_stoploss() in this regard - which also allows you to keep the stoploss on exchange.
!!! Note
Returning a string or True from this method is equal to setting sell signal on a candle at specified time. This method is not called when sell signal is set already, or if sell signals are disabled (use_sell_signal=False). string max length is 64 characters. Exceeding this limit will cause the message to be truncated to 64 characters.
An example of how we can use different indicators depending on the current profit and also sell trades that were open longer than one day:
from freqtrade.strategy import IStrategy, timeframe_to_prev_date
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
def custom_sell(self, pair: str, trade: 'Trade', current_time: 'datetime', current_rate: float,
current_profit: float, dataframe: DataFrame, **kwargs):
trade_open_date = timeframe_to_prev_date(self.timeframe, trade.open_date_utc)
trade_row = dataframe.loc[dataframe['date'] == trade_open_date].squeeze()
# Sell when price falls below value in stoploss column of taken buy signal.
# above 20% profit, sell when rsi < 80
if current_profit > 0.2:
if trade_row['rsi'] < 80:
return 'rsi_below_80'
# Between 2% and 10%, sell if EMA-long above EMA-short
if 0.02 < current_profit < 0.1:
if trade_row['emalong'] > trade_row['emashort']:
return 'ema_long_below_80'
# Sell any positions at a loss if they are held for more than one day.
if current_profit < 0.0 and (current_time - trade.open_date_utc).days >= 1:
return 'unclog'
See Custom stoploss using an indicator from dataframe example for explanation on how to use dataframe parameter.
Custom stoploss
The stoploss price can only ever move upwards - if the stoploss value returned from custom_stoploss would result in a lower stoploss price than was previously set, it will be ignored. The traditional stoploss value serves as an absolute lower level and will be instated as the initial stoploss.
The usage of the custom stoploss method must be enabled by setting use_custom_stoploss=True on the strategy object.
The method must return a stoploss value (float / number) as a percentage of the current price.
E.g. If the current_rate is 200 USD, then returning 0.02 will set the stoploss price 2% lower, at 196 USD.
The absolute value of the return value is used (the sign is ignored), so returning 0.05 or -0.05 have the same result, a stoploss 5% below the current price.
To simulate a regular trailing stoploss of 4% (trailing 4% behind the maximum reached price) you would use the following very simple method:
# additional imports required
from datetime import datetime
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
use_custom_stoploss = True
def custom_stoploss(self, pair: str, trade: 'Trade', current_time: datetime,
current_rate: float, current_profit: float, dataframe: DataFrame,
**kwargs) -> float:
"""
Custom stoploss logic, returning the new distance relative to current_rate (as ratio).
e.g. returning -0.05 would create a stoploss 5% below current_rate.
The custom stoploss can never be below self.stoploss, which serves as a hard maximum loss.
For full documentation please go to https://www.freqtrade.io/en/latest/strategy-advanced/
When not implemented by a strategy, returns the initial stoploss value
Only called when use_custom_stoploss is set to True.
:param pair: Pair that's currently analyzed
:param trade: trade object.
:param current_time: datetime object, containing the current datetime
:param current_rate: Rate, calculated based on pricing settings in ask_strategy.
:param current_profit: Current profit (as ratio), calculated based on current_rate.
:param **kwargs: Ensure to keep this here so updates to this won't break your strategy.
:return float: New stoploss value, relative to the current rate
"""
return -0.04
Stoploss on exchange works similar to trailing_stop, and the stoploss on exchange is updated as configured in stoploss_on_exchange_interval (More details about stoploss on exchange).
!!! Note "Use of dates"
All time-based calculations should be done based on current_time - using datetime.now() or datetime.utcnow() is discouraged, as this will break backtesting support.
!!! Tip "Trailing stoploss"
It's recommended to disable trailing_stop when using custom stoploss values. Both can work in tandem, but you might encounter the trailing stop to move the price higher while your custom function would not want this, causing conflicting behavior.
Custom stoploss examples
The next section will show some examples on what's possible with the custom stoploss function. Of course, many more things are possible, and all examples can be combined at will.
Time based trailing stop
Use the initial stoploss for the first 60 minutes, after this change to 10% trailing stoploss, and after 2 hours (120 minutes) we use a 5% trailing stoploss.
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
use_custom_stoploss = True
def custom_stoploss(self, pair: str, trade: 'Trade', current_time: datetime,
current_rate: float, current_profit: float, dataframe: DataFrame,
**kwargs) -> float:
# Make sure you have the longest interval first - these conditions are evaluated from top to bottom.
if current_time - timedelta(minutes=120) > trade.open_date_utc:
return -0.05
elif current_time - timedelta(minutes=60) > trade.open_date_utc:
return -0.10
return 1
Different stoploss per pair
Use a different stoploss depending on the pair.
In this example, we'll trail the highest price with 10% trailing stoploss for ETH/BTC and XRP/BTC, with 5% trailing stoploss for LTC/BTC and with 15% for all other pairs.
from datetime import datetime
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
use_custom_stoploss = True
def custom_stoploss(self, pair: str, trade: 'Trade', current_time: datetime,
current_rate: float, current_profit: float, dataframe: DataFrame,
**kwargs) -> float:
if pair in ('ETH/BTC', 'XRP/BTC'):
return -0.10
elif pair in ('LTC/BTC'):
return -0.05
return -0.15
Trailing stoploss with positive offset
Use the initial stoploss until the profit is above 4%, then use a trailing stoploss of 50% of the current profit with a minimum of 2.5% and a maximum of 5%.
Please note that the stoploss can only increase, values lower than the current stoploss are ignored.
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
use_custom_stoploss = True
def custom_stoploss(self, pair: str, trade: 'Trade', current_time: datetime,
current_rate: float, current_profit: float, dataframe: DataFrame,
**kwargs) -> float:
if current_profit < 0.04:
return -1 # return a value bigger than the inital stoploss to keep using the inital stoploss
# After reaching the desired offset, allow the stoploss to trail by half the profit
desired_stoploss = current_profit / 2
# Use a minimum of 2.5% and a maximum of 5%
return max(min(desired_stoploss, 0.05), 0.025)
Calculating stoploss relative to open price
Stoploss values returned from custom_stoploss() always specify a percentage relative to current_rate. In order to set a stoploss relative to the open price, we need to use current_profit to calculate what percentage relative to the current_rate will give you the same result as if the percentage was specified from the open price.
The helper function stoploss_from_open() can be used to convert from an open price relative stop, to a current price relative stop which can be returned from custom_stoploss().
Stepped stoploss
Instead of continuously trailing behind the current price, this example sets fixed stoploss price levels based on the current profit.
- Use the regular stoploss until 20% profit is reached
- Once profit is > 20% - set stoploss to 7% above open price.
- Once profit is > 25% - set stoploss to 15% above open price.
- Once profit is > 40% - set stoploss to 25% above open price.
from datetime import datetime
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
from freqtrade.strategy import stoploss_from_open
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
use_custom_stoploss = True
def custom_stoploss(self, pair: str, trade: 'Trade', current_time: datetime,
current_rate: float, current_profit: float, dataframe: DataFrame,
**kwargs) -> float:
# evaluate highest to lowest, so that highest possible stop is used
if current_profit > 0.40:
return stoploss_from_open(0.25, current_profit)
elif current_profit > 0.25:
return stoploss_from_open(0.15, current_profit)
elif current_profit > 0.20:
return stoploss_from_open(0.07, current_profit)
# return maximum stoploss value, keeping current stoploss price unchanged
return 1
Custom stoploss using an indicator from dataframe example
Imagine you want to use custom_stoploss() to use a trailing indicator like e.g. "ATR"
!!! Warning
Only use dataframe values up until and including current_time value. Reading past
current_time you will look into the future, which will produce incorrect backtesting results
and throw an exception in dry/live runs.
see Common mistakes when developing strategies for more info.
!!! Note
dataframe['date'] contains the candle's open date. During dry/live runs current_time and
trade.open_date_utc will not match the candle date precisely and using them directly will throw
an error. Use date = timeframe_to_prev_date(self.timeframe, date) to round a date to the candle's open date
before using it to access dataframe.
from freqtrade.exchange import timeframe_to_prev_date
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
from freqtrade.state import RunMode
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
use_custom_stoploss = True
def custom_stoploss(self, pair: str, trade: 'Trade', current_time: datetime,
current_rate: float, current_profit: float, dataframe: DataFrame,
**kwargs) -> float:
# Default return value
result = 1
if trade:
# Using current_time directly would only work in backtesting. Live/dry runs need time to
# be rounded to previous candle to be used as dataframe index. Rounding must also be
# applied to `trade.open_date(_utc)` if it is used for `dataframe` indexing.
current_time = timeframe_to_prev_date(self.timeframe, current_time)
current_row = dataframe.loc[dataframe['date'] == current_time].squeeze()
if 'atr' in current_row:
# new stoploss relative to current_rate
new_stoploss = (current_rate - current_row['atr']) / current_rate
# turn into relative negative offset required by `custom_stoploss` return implementation
result = new_stoploss - 1
return result
Custom order timeout rules
Simple, time-based order-timeouts can be configured either via strategy or in the configuration in the unfilledtimeout section.
However, freqtrade also offers a custom callback for both order types, which allows you to decide based on custom criteria if a order did time out or not.
!!! Note Unfilled order timeouts are not relevant during backtesting or hyperopt, and are only relevant during real (live) trading. Therefore these methods are only called in these circumstances.
Custom order timeout example
A simple example, which applies different unfilled-timeouts depending on the price of the asset can be seen below. It applies a tight timeout for higher priced assets, while allowing more time to fill on cheap coins.
The function must return either True (cancel order) or False (keep order alive).
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
# Set unfilledtimeout to 25 hours, since our maximum timeout from below is 24 hours.
unfilledtimeout = {
'buy': 60 * 25,
'sell': 60 * 25
}
def check_buy_timeout(self, pair: str, trade: 'Trade', order: dict, **kwargs) -> bool:
if trade.open_rate > 100 and trade.open_date_utc < datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(minutes=5):
return True
elif trade.open_rate > 10 and trade.open_date_utc < datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(minutes=3):
return True
elif trade.open_rate < 1 and trade.open_date_utc < datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(hours=24):
return True
return False
def check_sell_timeout(self, pair: str, trade: 'Trade', order: dict, **kwargs) -> bool:
if trade.open_rate > 100 and trade.open_date_utc < datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(minutes=5):
return True
elif trade.open_rate > 10 and trade.open_date_utc < datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(minutes=3):
return True
elif trade.open_rate < 1 and trade.open_date_utc < datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(hours=24):
return True
return False
!!! Note
For the above example, unfilledtimeout must be set to something bigger than 24h, otherwise that type of timeout will apply first.
Custom order timeout example (using additional data)
from datetime import datetime
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
# Set unfilledtimeout to 25 hours, since our maximum timeout from below is 24 hours.
unfilledtimeout = {
'buy': 60 * 25,
'sell': 60 * 25
}
def check_buy_timeout(self, pair: str, trade: Trade, order: dict, **kwargs) -> bool:
ob = self.dp.orderbook(pair, 1)
current_price = ob['bids'][0][0]
# Cancel buy order if price is more than 2% above the order.
if current_price > order['price'] * 1.02:
return True
return False
def check_sell_timeout(self, pair: str, trade: Trade, order: dict, **kwargs) -> bool:
ob = self.dp.orderbook(pair, 1)
current_price = ob['asks'][0][0]
# Cancel sell order if price is more than 2% below the order.
if current_price < order['price'] * 0.98:
return True
return False
Bot loop start callback
A simple callback which is called once at the start of every bot throttling iteration. This can be used to perform calculations which are pair independent (apply to all pairs), loading of external data, etc.
import requests
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
def bot_loop_start(self, **kwargs) -> None:
"""
Called at the start of the bot iteration (one loop).
Might be used to perform pair-independent tasks
(e.g. gather some remote resource for comparison)
:param **kwargs: Ensure to keep this here so updates to this won't break your strategy.
"""
if self.config['runmode'].value in ('live', 'dry_run'):
# Assign this to the class by using self.*
# can then be used by populate_* methods
self.remote_data = requests.get('https://some_remote_source.example.com')
Bot order confirmation
Trade entry (buy order) confirmation
confirm_trade_entry() can be used to abort a trade entry at the latest second (maybe because the price is not what we expect).
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
def confirm_trade_entry(self, pair: str, order_type: str, amount: float, rate: float,
time_in_force: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
"""
Called right before placing a buy order.
Timing for this function is critical, so avoid doing heavy computations or
network requests in this method.
For full documentation please go to https://www.freqtrade.io/en/latest/strategy-advanced/
When not implemented by a strategy, returns True (always confirming).
:param pair: Pair that's about to be bought.
:param order_type: Order type (as configured in order_types). usually limit or market.
:param amount: Amount in target (quote) currency that's going to be traded.
:param rate: Rate that's going to be used when using limit orders
:param time_in_force: Time in force. Defaults to GTC (Good-til-cancelled).
:param **kwargs: Ensure to keep this here so updates to this won't break your strategy.
:return bool: When True is returned, then the buy-order is placed on the exchange.
False aborts the process
"""
return True
Trade exit (sell order) confirmation
confirm_trade_exit() can be used to abort a trade exit (sell) at the latest second (maybe because the price is not what we expect).
from freqtrade.persistence import Trade
class AwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
# ... populate_* methods
def confirm_trade_exit(self, pair: str, trade: Trade, order_type: str, amount: float,
rate: float, time_in_force: str, sell_reason: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
"""
Called right before placing a regular sell order.
Timing for this function is critical, so avoid doing heavy computations or
network requests in this method.
For full documentation please go to https://www.freqtrade.io/en/latest/strategy-advanced/
When not implemented by a strategy, returns True (always confirming).
:param pair: Pair that's about to be sold.
:param order_type: Order type (as configured in order_types). usually limit or market.
:param amount: Amount in quote currency.
:param rate: Rate that's going to be used when using limit orders
:param time_in_force: Time in force. Defaults to GTC (Good-til-cancelled).
:param sell_reason: Sell reason.
Can be any of ['roi', 'stop_loss', 'stoploss_on_exchange', 'trailing_stop_loss',
'sell_signal', 'force_sell', 'emergency_sell']
:param **kwargs: Ensure to keep this here so updates to this won't break your strategy.
:return bool: When True is returned, then the sell-order is placed on the exchange.
False aborts the process
"""
if sell_reason == 'force_sell' and trade.calc_profit_ratio(rate) < 0:
# Reject force-sells with negative profit
# This is just a sample, please adjust to your needs
# (this does not necessarily make sense, assuming you know when you're force-selling)
return False
return True
Derived strategies
The strategies can be derived from other strategies. This avoids duplication of your custom strategy code. You can use this technique to override small parts of your main strategy, leaving the rest untouched:
class MyAwesomeStrategy(IStrategy):
...
stoploss = 0.13
trailing_stop = False
# All other attributes and methods are here as they
# should be in any custom strategy...
...
class MyAwesomeStrategy2(MyAwesomeStrategy):
# Override something
stoploss = 0.08
trailing_stop = True
Both attributes and methods may be overridden, altering behavior of the original strategy in a way you need.
!!! Note "Parent-strategy in different files" If you have the parent-strategy in a different file, you'll need to add the following to the top of your "child"-file to ensure proper loading, otherwise freqtrade may not be able to load the parent strategy correctly.
``` python
import sys
from pathlib import Path
sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent))
from myawesomestrategy import MyAwesomeStrategy
```
Embedding Strategies
Freqtrade provides you with with an easy way to embed the strategy into your configuration file. This is done by utilizing BASE64 encoding and providing this string at the strategy configuration field, in your chosen config file.
Encoding a string as BASE64
This is a quick example, how to generate the BASE64 string in python
from base64 import urlsafe_b64encode
with open(file, 'r') as f:
content = f.read()
content = urlsafe_b64encode(content.encode('utf-8'))
The variable 'content', will contain the strategy file in a BASE64 encoded form. Which can now be set in your configurations file as following
"strategy": "NameOfStrategy:BASE64String"
Please ensure that 'NameOfStrategy' is identical to the strategy name!